Dr. Harvey Cushing was an American neurosurgeon, often referred to as the "father of modern neurosurgery." Born in 1869, he made significant contributions to the field, particularly in the understanding and treatment of brain tumors. Cushing developed innovative surgical techniques and was one of the first to use the microscope in surgery, which greatly improved patient outcomes. In addition to his surgical advancements, Cushing was a pioneer in the study of pituitary gland disorders, leading to the identification of Cushing's disease, a condition caused by excess cortisol. His work laid the foundation for future research in neuroscience and established neurosurgery as a respected medical specialty.