Design flaws refer to mistakes or oversights in the planning and creation of a product, system, or structure that can lead to problems in functionality, safety, or usability. These flaws can arise from inadequate research, poor materials, or a lack of testing, ultimately affecting the end-user experience. Common examples of design flaws include software bugs that cause applications to crash, or architectural issues that make buildings unsafe during natural disasters. Identifying and addressing these flaws is crucial to improving quality and ensuring that products meet the needs of users effectively.