Dental diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the teeth and gums. Common types include tooth decay, which occurs when bacteria produce acids that erode tooth enamel, and gum disease, characterized by inflammation and infection of the gums. These conditions can lead to pain, tooth loss, and other health issues if not treated properly. Preventing dental diseases involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, along with routine visits to a dentist. A balanced diet low in sugary foods can also help protect against these diseases, promoting overall dental health.