The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a socialist state established in 1978 following a coup that overthrew the monarchy. It was characterized by a one-party system led by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, which sought to implement land reforms and promote education and women's rights. The government faced significant opposition, leading to a decade-long conflict with various insurgent groups. In 1979, the Soviet Union intervened militarily to support the Afghan government, resulting in a protracted war that lasted until 1989. The conflict contributed to widespread devastation and displacement, ultimately leading to the collapse of the government in 1992. The aftermath set the stage for ongoing instability in Afghanistan.