Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies used by individuals to cope with anxiety and protect their self-esteem. They often operate unconsciously and help manage emotional conflict or stress. Common examples include repression, where unwanted thoughts are pushed out of awareness, and projection, where individuals attribute their own unacceptable feelings to others. These mechanisms can be healthy or unhealthy, depending on how they are used. While some, like sublimation, can lead to positive outcomes by channeling negative emotions into constructive activities, others, such as denial, may hinder personal growth and prevent individuals from facing reality. Understanding these mechanisms can aid in self-awareness and emotional regulation.