Decomposition methods are techniques used to break down complex problems into simpler, more manageable parts. This approach is commonly applied in various fields, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering. By dividing a large problem into smaller components, it becomes easier to analyze, solve, and understand each part individually. In optimization, decomposition methods help in solving large-scale problems by separating them into subproblems that can be tackled independently. This can lead to more efficient algorithms and solutions, as each subproblem can be solved using specialized techniques, ultimately contributing to the overall solution of the original problem.