The Declaration of Independence is a historic document adopted on July 4, 1776, by the Second Continental Congress. It announced the thirteen American colonies' separation from British rule and outlined the principles of individual liberty and government by consent. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the declaration articulates the colonies' grievances against King George III and asserts the right to self-governance. It is a foundational text in American democracy, symbolizing the values of freedom and equality that continue to resonate today.