The DPLL algorithm, short for Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland, is a backtracking-based method used to solve the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). It determines whether a given logical formula can be satisfied by assigning truth values to its variables. The algorithm systematically explores possible variable assignments and uses techniques like unit propagation and pure literal elimination to simplify the problem. DPLL is significant in computer science and artificial intelligence, as it forms the basis for many modern SAT solvers. Its efficiency in handling large and complex problems has made it a crucial tool in various applications, including hardware verification and automated theorem proving.