DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living organisms. It is shaped like a twisted ladder, known as a double helix, and consists of four building blocks called nucleotides. These nucleotides pair up in specific ways, forming the code that determines traits and functions in cells. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in translating the information stored in DNA into proteins, which perform various functions in the body. Unlike DNA, RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the nucleotide uracil instead of thymine. There are different types of RNA, such as messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), each with specific