Czechoslovak dissidents were individuals who opposed the communist regime in Czechoslovakia during the 1960s and 1980s. They sought greater political freedom, human rights, and democratic reforms. Notable figures included Václav Havel, a playwright and political activist, who later became the country's first president after the fall of communism. These dissidents often faced persecution, imprisonment, and censorship for their beliefs. They organized protests, published underground literature, and formed groups like Charter 77, which called for the government to respect human rights. Their efforts contributed to the eventual peaceful transition to democracy in Czechoslovakia in 1989.