Czech Surrealism emerged in the 1920s as part of the broader Surrealist movement, which sought to explore the unconscious mind and challenge conventional reality. Influenced by André Breton and Sigmund Freud, Czech artists used dreamlike imagery and unexpected juxtapositions to express their thoughts and emotions. Key figures included Toyen, Jindřich Štyrský, and Vladislav Vančura. The movement flourished in literature, painting, and film, with notable contributions from Czech writers like Karel Čapek and Vítězslav Nezval. Czech Surrealism often reflected the country's unique cultural and political context, particularly during the interwar period and the aftermath of World War II.