Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus species, primarily Cryptococcus neoformans. This fungus is commonly found in soil and bird droppings, and it can be inhaled into the lungs. The infection can lead to pneumonia-like symptoms and may spread to other parts of the body, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. People with conditions such as HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive medications are at higher risk for developing cryptococcosis. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests, including cultures and imaging studies. Treatment usually consists of antifungal medications to help eliminate the infection.