Cryptococcus is a genus of fungi that includes several species, with Cryptococcus neoformans being the most notable. This fungus is commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and bird droppings. It can cause infections, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. Infections caused by Cryptococcus can lead to serious conditions like meningitis, which is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests, and treatment usually includes antifungal medications to help manage the infection effectively.