Crop varieties refer to the different types of plants cultivated for food, fiber, or other uses. Each variety has unique characteristics, such as growth habits, yield potential, and resistance to pests and diseases. Farmers select specific varieties based on their local climate, soil conditions, and market demand, ensuring optimal production and quality. Breeding programs often develop new crop varieties to improve traits like drought tolerance or nutritional value. These programs may use traditional methods or modern techniques like genetic modification. Understanding crop varieties is essential for sustainable agriculture, as it helps maintain biodiversity and adapt to changing environmental conditions.