Craik and Lockhart is a psychological theory proposed by Endel Tulving and Robert Lockhart in 1972, focusing on the levels of processing model of memory. This model suggests that the depth at which information is processed affects how well it is remembered. Shallow processing, such as focusing on physical features, leads to weaker memory retention compared to deeper processing, which involves semantic understanding and meaningful connections. The theory emphasizes that memory is not just about storage but also about how information is encoded. Deeper levels of processing, such as relating new information to existing knowledge, enhance recall and understanding, highlighting the importance of engagement in learning.