Counter-insurgency refers to military and political strategies aimed at defeating insurgent movements, which are often groups that challenge established authority or government. This approach combines military action with efforts to win the support of the local population, addressing underlying grievances that fuel the insurgency. Effective counter-insurgency operations often involve collaboration with local communities, intelligence gathering, and the establishment of security measures. The goal is to create a stable environment where the government can function effectively, reducing the insurgents' influence and ultimately restoring peace. Successful examples include operations in Vietnam and Iraq.