Count Ludwig of Barby-Mühlingen was a nobleman from the German region of Saxony. He belonged to the House of Barby, which was a prominent family during the late Middle Ages. His reign was marked by the management of his territories and the relationships with neighboring principalities. Ludwig's rule contributed to the political landscape of the time, as he navigated alliances and conflicts. The Barby-Mühlingen territory was known for its strategic importance and economic resources, which played a role in the broader dynamics of Holy Roman Empire politics during his lifetime.