The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India, adopted on January 26, 1950. It establishes the framework for the country's political system, outlining the structure, powers, and duties of government institutions. The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, ensuring equality, freedom, and justice. Comprising 448 articles and 12 schedules, the Constitution is the longest written national constitution in the world. It provides guidelines for the functioning of the Parliament of India, the President, and the Supreme Court, among other entities, promoting a democratic and secular state.