The "Conquest of the Desert" refers to a military campaign in the late 19th century aimed at establishing Argentine control over the Patagonia region, which was inhabited by indigenous peoples. This campaign, primarily conducted between 1879 and 1884, was led by General Julio Argentino Roca and sought to expand the territory of Argentina by displacing indigenous groups and securing land for settlers. The campaign resulted in significant territorial gains for Argentina, but it also led to the displacement and suffering of many indigenous communities. The "Conquest of the Desert" is a controversial chapter in Argentine history, reflecting the complexities of nation-building and the impact of colonial expansion on indigenous populations.