Congenital malformation refers to physical abnormalities that are present at birth. These can affect various parts of the body, including the heart, limbs, and organs. The causes of congenital malformations can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both. Some common examples include cleft lip, spina bifida, and congenital heart defects. These malformations can vary in severity, with some requiring medical intervention or surgery, while others may not significantly impact a person's health. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes for individuals with congenital malformations, allowing them to lead healthier lives.