Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder that affects the adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing hormones. In CAH, a deficiency in an enzyme needed to produce cortisol leads to an imbalance in hormone levels. This can result in excess production of androgens, which are male hormones, affecting physical development. Symptoms of CAH can vary but may include ambiguous genitalia in newborns, early onset of puberty, and fertility issues. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure hormone levels, and treatment often involves hormone replacement therapy to manage symptoms and maintain hormonal balance.