Congenital abnormalities, also known as birth defects, are physical or functional anomalies that occur during fetal development. These conditions can affect various parts of the body, including the heart, brain, and limbs. They can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some common examples include spina bifida, cleft lip, and Down syndrome. The severity of congenital abnormalities can vary widely. Some may require immediate medical intervention, while others might not be detected until later in life. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes for affected individuals, making awareness and prenatal care essential for reducing risks associated with these conditions.