The conduct of armed conflict refers to the rules and principles that govern how wars are fought. These rules aim to protect those who are not participating in the fighting, such as civilians and medical personnel, and to limit the suffering caused by warfare. Key frameworks include the Geneva Conventions, which outline humanitarian treatment during conflicts, and the Hague Conventions, which address the means and methods of warfare. Additionally, the conduct of armed conflict emphasizes the distinction between combatants and non-combatants. Combatants are those who are actively engaged in hostilities, while non-combatants should be spared from direct attacks. Violations of these rules can lead to accusations of war crimes, which are serious offenses under international law.