"Conduct of Hostilities" refers to the rules and principles that govern how armed forces engage in conflict. These rules aim to protect civilians and limit unnecessary suffering during warfare. They are primarily outlined in international humanitarian law, particularly the Geneva Conventions. The conduct of hostilities includes principles such as distinction, proportionality, and necessity. Distinction requires combatants to differentiate between military targets and civilians. Proportionality ensures that the harm caused to civilians is not excessive in relation to the military advantage gained. These principles help maintain a level of humanity even in times of war.