Conditioned behavior refers to a learned response to a specific stimulus through a process called conditioning. This concept is often associated with the work of Ivan Pavlov, who demonstrated that dogs could be trained to salivate at the sound of a bell when it was consistently paired with food. This type of learning shows how behaviors can be modified based on experiences. There are two main types of conditioning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, an involuntary response is triggered by a neutral stimulus after repeated pairings. In operant conditioning, behaviors are influenced by rewards or punishments, as seen in the experiments of B.F. Skinner. Both types illustrate how behavior can be shaped over time.