Condenser microphones are a type of microphone that uses a diaphragm placed close to a backplate to create an electrical signal. They are known for their sensitivity and ability to capture a wide range of frequencies, making them ideal for recording vocals and acoustic instruments. These microphones require a power source, often provided by a battery or phantom power from a mixing console. Due to their delicate construction, condenser microphones are typically used in controlled environments like studios, where they can effectively pick up subtle nuances in sound.