Complex litigation refers to legal cases that involve multiple parties, intricate legal issues, or extensive evidence. These cases often arise in areas such as class action lawsuits, antitrust disputes, or mass torts, where numerous individuals or entities are affected by a single event or issue. The complexity can stem from the sheer volume of information, the number of stakeholders involved, or the technical nature of the subject matter. Due to their complicated nature, complex litigation typically requires specialized legal knowledge and resources. Courts may implement specific procedures to manage these cases efficiently, such as multidistrict litigation (MDL) to consolidate similar cases. This helps streamline the process and reduce the burden on the judicial system.