Color categories are groups that classify colors based on their visual characteristics. The primary categories include red, blue, green, yellow, orange, purple, and brown. These colors can be further divided into subcategories, such as warm colors (like red and orange) and cool colors (like blue and green). In addition to these basic categories, colors can also be described using terms like hue, saturation, and brightness. Hue refers to the color itself, while saturation indicates the intensity of the color, and brightness describes how light or dark a color appears. Understanding these categories helps in various fields, including art and design.