The "Collapse of Civilization" refers to the process where complex societies experience a significant decline in their social, economic, and political structures. This can occur due to various factors, including environmental changes, resource depletion, warfare, and disease. Historical examples include the fall of the Roman Empire and the decline of the Maya civilization. Such collapses often lead to a loss of cultural knowledge and technological advancements, resulting in a return to simpler forms of living. The aftermath can see populations decrease, cities abandoned, and a shift towards more localized, subsistence-based economies. Understanding these patterns helps in analyzing current global challenges.