Civilizational collapse refers to the rapid decline of a complex society, often characterized by the loss of social, political, and economic structures. This phenomenon can occur due to various factors, including environmental changes, resource depletion, warfare, and social unrest. Historical examples include the fall of the Roman Empire and the decline of the Maya civilization. The consequences of civilizational collapse can be severe, leading to population decline, loss of knowledge, and a return to simpler forms of social organization. Communities may revert to subsistence living, and cultural achievements can be forgotten. Understanding these patterns helps in analyzing current global challenges.