Civil and political rights are fundamental rights that protect individuals' freedoms and ensure their participation in the political process. These rights include the right to free speech, the right to vote, and the right to a fair trial. They are essential for maintaining a democratic society and safeguarding individual liberties. These rights are often enshrined in legal documents, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and various national constitutions. They aim to prevent abuses by the state and promote equality, allowing individuals to express their opinions, assemble peacefully, and engage in political activities without fear of repression.