Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, containing about 249 million base pairs and approximately 2,000 to 2,100 genes. It plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including development, immune response, and cell division. This chromosome is essential for human health, as it houses genes linked to numerous diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome 1 is inherited from both parents, contributing to the genetic diversity seen in the human population.