Chromosomal translocation is a genetic event where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. This can happen during cell division and can lead to changes in gene expression. Translocations can be balanced, where no genetic material is lost, or unbalanced, where there is a gain or loss of genetic material. These alterations can have significant implications for health, as they are often associated with certain types of cancer, such as chronic myeloid leukemia and Burkitt lymphoma. Understanding translocations helps researchers develop targeted therapies and improve diagnostic techniques in genetics.