Childbed fever, also known as puerperal fever, is a bacterial infection that can occur in women after childbirth. It typically arises from bacteria entering the uterus during or after delivery, leading to inflammation and infection. Symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and foul-smelling discharge. Historically, childbed fever was a significant cause of maternal mortality before the advent of modern hygiene practices. The work of Ignaz Semmelweis in the 19th century highlighted the importance of handwashing among medical staff to reduce infection rates. Today, improved medical care and antibiotics have greatly reduced the incidence of this condition.