Puerperal fever, also known as childbed fever, is a bacterial infection that can occur in women after childbirth. It typically arises from bacteria entering the uterus during or after delivery, leading to inflammation and infection. Symptoms may include fever, chills, and abdominal pain, and it can develop within days of giving birth. Historically, puerperal fever was a significant cause of maternal mortality. Advances in hygiene practices, such as handwashing and sterilization, have greatly reduced its incidence. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to combat the infection, and prompt medical attention is essential for recovery.