Chief Joseph was a leader of the Nez Perce tribe, known for his eloquence and commitment to his people's rights. Born in 1840 in what is now Oregon, he became chief in 1871 after the death of his father. Chief Joseph is best known for his efforts to resist the forced relocation of his tribe to a reservation in Idaho. In 1877, he led a remarkable retreat of his people over 1,000 miles to escape U.S. troops. Despite his strategic skills and initial successes, he ultimately surrendered after a series of battles. His famous surrender speech emphasized his desire for peace and justice for his people.