Chester A. Arthur was the 21st President of the United States, serving from 1881 to 1885. He was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont. Before becoming president, Arthur held various political positions, including Collector of the Port of New York. He became president after the assassination of James A. Garfield. Arthur is known for his efforts in civil service reform, particularly the implementation of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which aimed to reduce corruption in government hiring. He also modernized the U.S. Navy and supported the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. Arthur passed away on November 18, 1886.