James A. Garfield was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March to September 1881. He was born on November 19, 1831, in a log cabin in Ohio. Before his presidency, Garfield was a soldier in the American Civil War and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was known for his intelligence and strong oratory skills. Garfield's presidency was cut short when he was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau in July 1881, just a few months after taking office. He suffered from his injuries for several weeks before dying on September 19, 1881. Garfield's legacy includes his efforts to reform the civil service and promote education.