Chest tube insertion is a medical procedure used to remove air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space, which is the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This procedure is often performed in cases of pneumothorax (collapsed lung), pleural effusion (fluid buildup), or hemothorax (blood accumulation). A sterile tube is inserted through a small incision in the chest wall, allowing for drainage and helping the lungs to expand properly. The procedure is typically done under local anesthesia, and patients may receive sedation for comfort. After insertion, the tube is connected to a drainage system that collects the fluid or air. Monitoring is essential to ensure proper function and to watch for any complications, such as infection or bleeding.