The "Chanson de Roland" is an epic poem from the 11th century, considered one of the oldest and most significant works of French literature. It tells the story of Roland, a knight and the nephew of Charlemagne, who bravely defends the rear guard of the Frankish army during a battle against the Saracens in Spain. The poem highlights themes of heroism, loyalty, and sacrifice. The narrative is set during the Battle of Roncevaux Pass and emphasizes the values of chivalry and feudal loyalty. Roland's tragic fate, along with the betrayal by Ganelon, his stepfather, serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of pride and treachery. The poem has influenced many later works and remains a cornerstone of medieval literature.