The Chalcolithic Culture, also known as the Copper Age, emerged around 4500 to 3500 BCE. It marks a transitional period between the Neolithic and Bronze Age, characterized by the use of copper tools alongside stone implements. This era saw the development of early urban centers and advancements in agriculture, pottery, and trade. During the Chalcolithic period, societies became more complex, with increased social stratification and the establishment of trade networks. Notable archaeological sites, such as Çatalhöyük in Turkey and Varna in Bulgaria, provide insights into the daily lives, rituals, and technological innovations of these early communities.