Cerebrovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect blood flow to the brain, leading to potential brain damage. The most common types include stroke, which occurs when blood supply is interrupted, and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), often called "mini-strokes." These conditions can result from blockages, such as blood clots, or from bleeding in the brain. Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease include high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Symptoms may vary but can include sudden weakness, difficulty speaking, or loss of balance. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing long-term effects.