Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CHS) is a rare disorder that affects the automatic control of breathing. Individuals with CHS may not breathe deeply or frequently enough, especially during sleep, leading to low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This condition is often identified in childhood and can be associated with genetic factors. People with CHS typically have normal lung function but may require assistance, such as a ventilator, during sleep. The syndrome is sometimes linked to mutations in the PHOX2B gene, which plays a role in the development of the respiratory control system. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for maintaining adequate breathing.