Central chemoreceptors are specialized cells located in the medulla oblongata of the brain. They play a crucial role in regulating breathing by detecting changes in the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH in the cerebrospinal fluid. When CO2 levels rise, these receptors signal the respiratory system to increase breathing rate, helping to expel excess CO2 and maintain proper blood pH. These chemoreceptors are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body. By responding to fluctuations in CO2 and pH, they ensure that oxygen levels remain adequate and that the body can efficiently manage metabolic processes. This feedback mechanism is vital for overall respiratory function.