The Cenozoic era is the most recent geological era, spanning from about 66 million years ago to the present. It follows the Mesozoic era and is characterized by significant changes in climate, geography, and the evolution of mammals and birds. This era is divided into three periods: the Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary. During the Cenozoic era, mammals became the dominant land animals, evolving into various forms, including whales, elephants, and primates. The era also saw the rise of flowering plants and the development of modern ecosystems. Major events, such as the formation of the Himalayas and the Ice Ages, shaped the planet's landscape and climate.