Cave systems are natural underground spaces formed by the erosion of rock, often limestone, through water and chemical processes. These systems can vary in size and complexity, featuring tunnels, chambers, and unique formations like stalactites and stalagmites. They provide habitats for various species, including bats and cave-dwelling insects. Cave systems can also be significant for scientific research and exploration. They often contain valuable geological information and can preserve ancient artifacts. Notable examples include the Mammoth Cave in the United States and the Lascaux Caves in France, which are famous for their prehistoric paintings.