Causality refers to the relationship between cause and effect, where one event (the cause) leads to the occurrence of another event (the effect). For example, if you water a plant, it grows; here, watering is the cause, and the plant's growth is the effect. Understanding causality helps us make sense of the world and predict outcomes based on actions. In science, establishing causality is crucial for experiments and research. Researchers often use controlled experiments to determine whether a specific factor, like temperature, directly influences another factor, such as plant growth. This helps in drawing reliable conclusions and making informed decisions.