The Caucasus Conflict refers to a series of territorial and ethnic disputes in the Caucasus region, primarily involving Armenia and Azerbaijan. The most notable conflict centers around the disputed area of Nagorno-Karabakh, which is predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians but is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. Tensions have escalated into armed conflicts, notably in the early 1990s and again in 2020. The conflict has deep historical roots, influenced by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of nationalist movements. Various ceasefires have been attempted, but lasting peace remains elusive. The involvement of regional powers, such as Russia and Turkey, further complicates the situation, making resolution challenging.