Catastrophic flooding occurs when excessive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or dam failures lead to water overflowing land that is normally dry. This type of flooding can submerge homes, roads, and infrastructure, causing significant damage and posing risks to human safety. The effects of catastrophic flooding can be devastating, resulting in loss of life, displacement of communities, and destruction of property. Emergency services often struggle to respond effectively due to the overwhelming nature of the situation. Recovery efforts can take years, and the impact on local economies can be long-lasting, affecting businesses and livelihoods in the affected areas.