The Catalan nationalist movement seeks greater autonomy or independence for the region of Catalonia in northeastern Spain. Catalonia has its own distinct language, culture, and history, which many Catalans feel justifies their desire for self-determination. The movement has gained momentum over the years, particularly since the early 2000s, with significant political support from parties like Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and Junts per Catalunya. Protests and referendums, such as the controversial 2017 independence referendum, have highlighted the tensions between the Catalan government and the Spanish government. While some Catalans advocate for complete independence, others seek increased autonomy within the framework of Spain. The movement remains a significant political issue in both Catalonia and Spain.